School  Discipline/Codes of Conduct/
Zero Tolerance

Improving, clarifying and enforcing a reasonable set of behaviour expectation of students, staff and visitors to the school is an important element of a safe school. This section of our framework also includes information on "zero tolerance" policies, where schools automatically expel/suspend students for serious offenses. See also Restorative Justive and Alternatives to Suspension".

Explanations (Summaries, Articles)

• Heller GS, (1996). Changing the school to reduce student violence. What works? NASSP Bulletin
• Cotton K, Wikelund KR, (nd). Schoolwide and classroom discipline. School Improvement Research Series
• Gaustad J, (1992). School discipline. ERIC Digest
• Portner J. (1997). Zero-Tolerance Laws Getting A Second Look.
• Safe Schools and Violence Prevention Office. Zero Tolerance.
• Gushee M. (1984). Student Discipline Policies. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Mangement. ERIC Digest.
• Thompson L. (1994). One Incident is Too Many: Policy Guidelines for Safe Schools.
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, Safe Schools Coalition. Alternatives to Expulsion.
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management. Zero Tolerance Policies. ERIC Digest Number 146.

Evidence (Reports, Research Reviews, Major Case Studies)

• "Appendix C: Programs for Addressing School Violence" found in Day DM, Golench CA, MacDougal J, Beals-Gonzalz CA (1995). School-based Violence Prevention in Canada: Results of a National Survey of Policies and Programs, Department of Justice, Canada
• Paliokas KL, Rist RC, (1993). Do they reduce violence - or just make us feel better? Education Week
• Gaustad J, (1992). School discipline. ERIC Digest
• Gushee M. (1984). Student Discipline Policies. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Mangement. ERIC Digest.
• Thompson L. (1994). One Incident is Too Many: Policy Guidelines for Safe Schools.
• Justice Policy Institute. Schools and Suspensions: Self-Reported Crime and the Growing Use of Suspensions.
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management. Zero Tolerance Policies. ERIC Digest Number 146.

Examples (Canadian and Other Examples)

Resources

-Planning Guides

• National Education Service. Containing Crisis: A Guide to Managing School Emergencies
• Resources on School Violence Policies.
• Resources on Punishment and Intervention
• Thompson L. (1994). One Incident is Too Many: Policy Guidelines for Safe Schools.
  

-Programs and Materials

• National School Safety Center, (1990). School Discipline Notebook
• DeJong W, (1994). Preventing Interpersonal Violence Among Youth: An Introduction to School, Community and Mass Media Strategies
  

-Policy Examples

• ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, Safe Schools Coalition. Alternatives to Expulsion.