Specific  Audience   Adaptations -
High  Risk  Youth/
Expelled Students/
Incarcerated Youth/Delinquency Treatment/ Alternative Education

High risk youth include repeat offenders and others who have developed a record of antisocial behaviours. Other studies have shown that such youth often engage in a variety of risky behaviours, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, unsafe sex and often dropout of school. This section of the framework addresses programs to reach this category of youth.

Explanations (Summaries, Articles)

• Berman DS, Dans-berman J, (1995). Outdoor education and troubled youth. ERIC Digest
• Campbell DS (1995). Counseling young offenders for rehabilitation and employment. The problem and the promise. ERIC Digest
• Leone PE et al, (1991). Juvenile corrections and the exceptional student. ERIC Digest
• Council for Exceptional Children, (1993). Behavioural disorders. Focus on change. ERIC Digest
• Creating Safe and Drug-Free Schools: An Action Guide. (1996). Alternative Education Programs for Expelled Students.
• Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (1995). Alternative Learning Environment. Insights... on education policy and practice.
• Quality Alternative Placements for Suspended or Expelled Students: "Lessons Learned" from the Center for the Prevention of School Violence's Youth OUt of the Education Mainstream Initiative.
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education, Arlington VA. Creating Useful Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). ERIC Digest #E600.

Evidence (Reports, Research Reviews, Major Case Studies)

• "Appendix C: Programs for Addressing School Violence" found in Day DM, Golench CA, MacDougal J, Beals-Gonzalz CA (1995). School-based Violence Prevention in Canada: Results of a National Survey of Policies and Programs, Department of Justice, Canada.
• Hebert EE, (1993). Doing something about children at risk. National Institute of Justice Journal
• Youth Justice Education Partnership - Research Reports. Delinquency Treatment and Intervention
• Zachariah JK, (1996). An overview of boot camp goals, components and results. Correctional Boot Camps: A Tough Intermediate Sanction
• Lipsey M, WilsonD, Cothern L. (2000). Effective Intervention for Serious Juvenile Offenders. OJJDP.
• Creating Safe and Drug-Free Schools: An Action Guide. (1996). Alternative Education Programs for Expelled Students.
• Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (1995). Alternative Learning Environment. Insights... on education policy and practice.
• Quality Alternative Placements for Suspended or Expelled Students: "Lessons Learned" from the Center for the Prevention of School Violence's Youth OUt of the Education Mainstream Initiative.
• U.S. Department of Justice. (1997). Reaching Out to Youth Out of the Mainstream.
• Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 1999. School and Community Interventions to Prevent Serious and Violent Offending.
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education, Arlington VA. Creating Useful Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). ERIC Digest #E600.

Examples (Canadian and Other Examples)

• John Howard Society (nd). Youth Programs Across Canada
• Caledon Institute of Social Policy. Street Culture Kidz.

Resources

-Planning Guides

• Creating Safe and Drug-Free Schools: An Action Guide. (1996). Alternative Education Programs for Expelled Students.

-Programs and Materials

• Hebert EE, (1993). Doing something about children at risk. National Institute of Justice Journal
• John Howard Society (nd). Youth Programs Across Canada
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, (1994). Catalogue of Hope: Crime Prevention Programs for At-Risk Children
• Hammond WR et al, (1990). Positive Adolescent Choices Training (PACT)
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, (1995). Teens Crime and the Community and Adjudicated Youth
• ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services. Documents on Correctional Boot Camps
• National Film Board of Canada, (1987). Wednesday's Children 

-Policy Examples